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CRANIODYSMORPHOLOGY SCREEN
Tests Performed in Panel: Apert, Pfeiffer, Crouzon & Muenke Syndromes
See individual test pages for additional information
TURNAROUND TIME: 15 days
TESTING METHODOLOGY: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of exons 8 and 10 (7/IIIa and 9/IIIc) of the FGFR2 gene; detection of the P252R Pfeiffer mutation in FGFR1 and the P250R Muenke mutation in FGFR3 by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion.
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS:
- Collect: Prefer two 5ml whole blood EDTA (lavender top) tube.
- Min. Collection: 0.7 ml whole blood EDTA.
- Transport: Blood EDTA at Room Temp shipped regular next day air (No Saturday delivery; store specimen at 4°C and ship Monday).
- Stability: Ambient: up to 7 days; Refrigerated: 2 weeks. Frozen: unacceptable
- Unacceptable Conditions: Serum. Frozen or severely hemolyzed blood. Clotted blood.
- Prenatal testing: Direct: 5ml direct unspun amniotic fluid or 15mg CVS tissue with a backup flask growing. Culture: confluent T25 flask. Maternal blood sample is required for maternal cell contamination studies.
A Molecular Genetics Laboratory Test Requisition must accompany the specimen. Contact the Molecular Laboratory at 918-502-1721 to obtain further information.
Note: Counseling and informed consent are recommended for genetic testing. A consent form is available as a resource but not required.
INTERPRETATIVE DATA:
Incidence: Craniosynostosis is 1 in 2,000, Crouzon syndrome is 1 in 60,000 and Apert syndrome is 1 in 10,000.
Inheritance: May be spontaneous or inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. In the inherited form, the diseases are considered fully penetrant although variable expression is typical.
Disease Characteristics: Premature closure of the sutures between the bones of the skull, causing unicoronal or bicoronal craniosynostosis or cloverleaf skull. Also distinctive facial features and variable abnormalities of the hands and feet.
Related Tests: Craniodysmorphology Panel, FGFR2 complete gene analysis
Clinical Sensitivity: Please see individual test pages for additional information
Test Limitations: Deletions of the entire gene or mutations outside the tested regions of the genes will not be detected. Rare diagnostic errors can occur due to primer or probe site mutations or rare polymorphisms.
INDICATIONS FOR USE:
- To determine the genetic basis for craniodysmorphology in an affected individual
- To discriminate between syndromes with overlapping clinical symptoms.
- Individuals at risk who wish prenatal diagnosis.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
OMIM FGFR2 - http://omim.org/entry/176943
OMIM Antley-Bixler - http://omim.org/entry/207410
OMIM Apert - http://omim.org/entry/101200
OMIM Crouzon - http://omim.org/entry/123500
OMIM Jackson-Weiss - http://omim.org/entry/123150
OMIM Pfeiffer - http://omim.org/entry/101600
OMIM Scaphocephaly - http://omim.org/entry/609579